Chios

Chios
Chios
One of the Sporades in the Ægean Sea

Catholic Encyclopedia. . 2006.

Chios
    Chios
     Catholic_Encyclopedia Chios
    (Gr. Chios, It. Scio, Turkish, Sakiz Adassi).
    One of the Sporades in the Ægean Sea, separated from the mainland of Asia Minor by a strait five miles wide in its narrowest part; also the chief town of this island. Its origin is lost in the remotest antiquity. In historical times it became a rich Ionian colony with a great navy, and took an important part in the Medic wars. Allied with Athens during the Peloponnesian War, it was conquered by Lacedæmon, wavered in allegiance between Phillip of Macedon and the Persians entered into an alliance with the Romans, and at last became a Roman possession (70 B.C.). Under the Byzantine Empire it was ravaged by the Arabs in the eight century, and by the Turkish pirate, Tsachas, in 1089. The Venetians occupied it from the beginning of the thirteenth century till 1261, and the Genoese from 1346 to 1566, when it was conquered by Piali Pasha. Since then it has remained a Turkish possession, except for a short occupation by the Tuscans in 1595 and by the Venetians in 1694. In 1822, on the occasion of the Greek insurrection, 30,000 Greeks were killed or sold as slaves, and 20,000 fled from the island, most of them to Syros, where they built Hermopolis. On 22 March, 1881, a great earthquake afflicted the island. With some neighbouring islets Chios forms a sanjak of the archipelago vilayet. The population is said to be 60,000: 1500 Mussulmans ( see Mohammed and Mohammedanism ), 400 Catholics, 250 Jews, and the rest Greeks. The town itself (Scio) has 15,000 inhabitants. Chios is a metropolitan see for the Greeks (see the episcopal list in Lequien, "Oriens Christianus", I, 931); they have several churches and schools, and a library. There is also a Latin bishopric, a suffragan of Naxos, which has three churches served by some ten priests. The religious are the Capuchins, Brothers of Christian Doctrine, and Sisters of St. Joseph of the Apparition, with schools. The list of Latin bishops since the fourteenth century is in Lequien, op. cit., II, 1062; more complete in Gams (448) and Eubel, I, 191; II, 141. The diocese also includes the island of Samos, with 100 Catholics, a church, and school conducted by Fathers of the African Missions from Lyons.
    The fertile valleys of Chios are like vast orchards, in which grow oranges, lemons, and other fruits. The island also produces wine, mastic, resin of a lentiscus, used chiefly in perfuming the raki, turpentine, silk and cotton, wax, marble, and antimony. In extreme length the island is about thirty-two miles, north to south, and at its widest part eighteen, narrowing down to about eight miles. Chios is one of the sites that lay claim to the honour of Homer's birthplace; the Dascalopetra, or Homer's school, a rock where he is said to have taught, is still shown. Chios is also the birthplace of the tragic poet Ion, the historian Theopompus, the philosopher Metrodorus, and many artists; of the Catholics, Giustiniani, a defender of Constantinople in 1453, Allatius (q.v.), and Pepanos; the Greeks, Coresios, Coraïs, and others.
    CRAMER, A Geogr. And Histor. Description of Asia Minor (Oxford, 1832), II, 395-402; SMITH, Dict. of Greek and Roman Geogr., I, 609; TOZER, The Islands of the Ægean (Oxford, 1890), 139-156; CUINET, Turquie d'Asie, I, 406; GIUSTINIANI, La Scio sacra del rito latino descritta (1658); BLASTOS, Chiaca, or History of the Island of Chios (Gr.); PAULY-WISSOWA, Real-Encyc., III, 2286-2297 (important bibliography); HOUSSAYE, l'Ile de Chio, in Revue des Deux Mondes (1881), XLVI, 82-103; PERNOT, En pays turc: l'île de Chio (Paris, 1903).
    S. PÉTRIDÈS
    Transcribed by Polychronios N. Moniodis

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII. — New York: Robert Appleton Company. . 1910.


Catholic encyclopedia.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Chios — Χίος Satellite image of Chios Location …   Wikipedia

  • Chios — Χίος (el) Carte topographique de l île Géographie Pays …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Chios —   [ç ], türkisch Sakɪz Adasɪ [ sakəz ada sə], griechische Insel im Ägäischen Meer vor der Westküste Kleinasiens, 842 km2, 51 100 Einwohner. Im Norden (bis 1 297 m über dem Meeresspiegel) auf mesozoischen Kalksteinen und Schiefern nur spärliche… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • CHIOS — Grande île de forme allongée située au large de la côte d’Asie Mineure, face à Érythrées, et réputée dans l’Antiquité pour la fertilité de ses vignobles. Elle fut occupée par les Grecs au moment de la grande migration ionienne et connut un rapide …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • CHIOS — (Turkish, Sakis Adassi), Greek Aegean island off Asiatic Turkey. Jewish settlement dates back to the Hellenistic period. According to Josephus, Jews lived in Chios in ancient times (Ant., 14:112–3). During the reign of the Byzantine emperor… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • CHIOS — insula maris Aegaei nobilissima, inter Samum et Lesbum est, quam sic vocatam volunt de nomine Nymphae, quae ob insignem candorem Chione nuncupabatur: olim Aethalia, Aethale, Macris, et Pityusa dicebatur: nunc autem vulgo Chio vel Scio, Turcice… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • Chios [2] — Chios (Gesch.), Ch. angeblich nach dem Heros Chios, einem Sohn des Apollo, benannt, sonst auch Makris, war früher von tyrrhenischen Pelasgern bewohnt. In der mythischen Zeit kam Önopion von Kreta nach Ch. u. wurde hier Herrscher; sein Grabmal… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Chios [1] — Chios, 1) (a. Geogr.), Insel des Ägäischen Meeres, nahe an der asiatischen Küste, zwischen Samos u. Lesbos, 131/2 (24) QM. groß, mit dem Hafen Phanä, in der Nähe des Letzteren der Ort, wo Homer seine Sängerschule gehalten haben soll; steinig u.… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Chīos — (türk. Sakiz Adasi, »Mastixinsel«), türk. Insel im Ägäischen Meer, südlich von Lesbos, durch eine 7 km breite Straße von Kleinasien getrennt (s. Karte »Griechenland«). Die 827 qkm große Insel ist von Bergen durchzogen (darunter im N. der St.… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Chios — Chios, türk. Sakys Adassi, türk. Insel im Ägäischen Meer, 827 qkm, ca. 59.600 E. (meist Griechen), im Hagios Ilias 1264 m hoch, sehr fruchtbar; Hauptstadt C. oder Kastron (13.000 E.); Hafen. – Vgl. Pernot (Par. 1903) …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”