Sardes

Sardes
Sardes
A titular see of Lydia, in Asia Minor probably the ancient Hyde of Homer (Iliad, II, 844; XX, 385), at the foot of Mount Tmolus

Catholic Encyclopedia. . 2006.

Sardes
    Sardes
     Catholic_Encyclopedia Sardes
    A titular see of Lydia, in Asia Minor probably the ancient Hyde of Homer (Iliad, II, 844; XX, 385), at the foot of Mount Tmolus; see also Strabo (XIII, iv, 5); Pliny (Hist. nat., v, 29), Stephen of Byzantium, s.v. The name Sardes, which replaced that of Hyde, seems to have been derived from the Shardani, a people mentioned in the cuneiform inscriptions as inhabiting this region. At an early period Sardes was the capital of the Lydians, an early dynasty of whom reigned from 766 to 687 B.C.; a second, that of Mermnades founded by Gyges in 687 B.C., reigned until 546 B.C. Its last king, the celebrated Croesus, was dethroned by Cyrus. Thenceforth it was the residence of the Persian satraps, who administered the conquered kingdom. The capture of the city by the Ionians and the Athenians in 498 B.C. was the cause of wars between the Persians and Greeks. In 334 it surrendered without a struggle to Alexander the Great, after whose death it belonged to Antigonus until 301, when it fell into the power of the Seleucides. Antiochus III having been defeated at Magnesia by the Romans 190 B.C., Sardes was incorporated with the Kingdom of Pergamus, then with the Roman Empire, becoming the capital of the Province of Lydia. The famous river Pactolus flowed through its agora, or forum.
    In the Apocalypse (iii, 1-3) a letter is written to the Church of Sardes by St. John, who utters keen reproaches against it and its bishop. Among its martyrs are mentioned the priest Therapon, venerated 27 May, and Apollonius (10 July). Among its bishops, of whom Le Quien (Oriens Christ., I, 859-66) gives a long list, were St. Meliton (second century), writer and apologist; St. Euthymius, martyred for the veneration of images (26 Dec., 824); John, his successor who also suffered for the Faith; Andronicus, who made several attempts for the reunion of the Churches. As religious metropolis of Lydia, Sardes ranked sixth in the hierarchy. As early as the seventh century (Gelzer, "Ungedruckte...Texte der Notitiae episcopatuum," 537), it had 27 suffragans, which number scarcely varied until the end of the tenth century. At the beginning of the fourteenth century the town, which was still very populous, was captured and destroyed by the Turks. In 1369 it ceased to exist, and Philadelphia replaced it as metropolis (Waeechter,"Der Verfall des Griechentums in Kleinaim XIV Jahrhundert," 44-46). Since then it has been a Greek titular metropolitan see. At present, under the name of Sart, it is but a miserable Turkish village in the sandjak of Saroukhan, and the vilayet of Smyrna. Not one well-preserved and important monument is found among the very extensive ruins.
    ARUNDELL, Discoveries in Asia Minor, I (London, 1834), 26-28; FELLOW, Journal written during an excursion in Asia Minor (London, 1839), 289-295; HEAD, Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Lydia (London, 1901, 236-77); RAMSAY, The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia (London, 1908), 354-68; SMITH, Dict. Greek and Roman Geog., s.v.; FILLION in VIG., Dict. de la Bib., s.v.; RADET, La Lydie et le monde grec au temps des Mermnades (Paris, 1893); TCHIHATCHEF, Asie Mineure, I, 232-42; TEXIER, Asie Mineure (Paris, 1862): 252-59; PARGOIRE, Saint-Euthyme et Jean de Sardes in Echos d'Orient, V, 157-61; LE CAMUS, Les sept Eglises de l'Apocalypse (Paris, 1896), 218-30; LAMPAKES, The Seven Stars of the Apocalypse, in Greek (Athens, 1909).
    S. VAILHÉ
    Transcribed by John Fobian In memory of Sandra Fielding

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII. — New York: Robert Appleton Company. . 1910.


Catholic encyclopedia.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Sardes — …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Sardes — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda El antiguo gimnasio de Sardes …   Wikipedia Español

  • SARDES — Capitale du royaume de Lydie qui a connu une histoire particulièrement brillante sous la dynastie des Mermnades et singulièrement sous le règne de Crésus (SARDES 561 SARDES 546). Après que celui ci a été battu par le Perse Cyrus le Grand, Sardes… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Sardes — Sardes, Hauptstadt u. Residenz der Könige von Lydien u. nachher die der persischen Satrapen, an beiden Seiten des Paktolos u. am Fuße des Tmolos, auf dessen Spitze die sehr feste Citadelle mit der Schatzkammer war. Man verehrte hier bes. die… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Sardes — Sardes, die berühmte Hauptstadt des alten Lydien, Residenz des Krösos sowie später der persischen und seleukidischen Satrapen, lag, von einer Burg geschützt, in der fruchtbaren Ebene des Hermus am nördlichen Abhang des bis 2050 m ansteigenden… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Sardes — Sardes, Hauptstadt des alten Lydischen Reichs in Kleinasien, Residenz der Dynastie der Mermnaden, später der pers. und seleukid. Satrapen, am Paktolus; Trümmer bei dem Dorfe Sart …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Sardes — Sardes, die Hauptstadt des alten lydischen Reichs, am Flusse Paktolus u. am Fuße des Tmolus, erhielt sich wenigstens als mittelmäßige Stadt noch unter Byzantinern und Osmanen, bis sie von Timur vollständig zerstört wurde …   Herders Conversations-Lexikon

  • SARDES — vide Sardis …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • Sardes — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Sarde (homonymie). Sardes (grc) Σάρδῑς …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Sardes — Sạrdes,   Sạrdis, griechisch Sạrdeis, im Altertum bedeutende Stadt im westlichen Kleinasien (rd. 100 km östlich von İzmir), seit Gyges Hauptstadt des lydischen Königreichs (Lydien) bis zur persischen Eroberung 546 v. Chr., dann Sitz persischer …   Universal-Lexikon

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”