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Middle Ages

Translation
Middle Ages
A term commonly used to designate that period of European history between the Fall of the Roman Empire and about the middle of the fifteenth century

Catholic Encyclopedia. . 2006.

Middle Ages
    Middle Ages
     Catholic_Encyclopedia Middle Ages
    A term commonly used to designate that period of European history between the Fall of the Roman Empire and about the middle of the fifteenth century. The precise dates of the beginning, culmination, and end of the Middle Ages are more or less arbitrarily assumed according to the point of view adopted. The period is usually considered to open with those migrations of the German Tribes which led to the destruction of the Roman Empire in the West in 375, when the Huns fell upon the Gothic tribes north of the Black Sea and forced the Visigoths over the boundaries of the Roman Empire on the lower Danube. A later date, however, is sometimes assumed, viz., when Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustulus, the last of the Roman Emperors of the West, in 476. Others, again, begin the Middle Ages with the opening years of the seventh century and the death (609) of Venantius Fortunatus, the last representative of classic Latin literature. The close of the Middle Ages is also variously fixed; some make it coincide with the rise of Humanism and the Renaissance in Italy, in the fourteenth century; with the Fall of Constantinople, in 1453; with the discovery of America by Columbus in 1492; or, again, with the great religious schism of the sixteenth century. Any hard and fast line drawn to designate either the beginning or close of the period in question is arbitrary. The widest limits given, viz., the irruption of the Visigoths over the boundaries of the Roman Empire, for the beginning, and the middle of the sixteenth century, for the close, may be taken as inclusively sufficient, and embrace, beyond dispute, every movement or phase of history that can be claimed as properly belonging to the Middle Ages.
    A great part of THE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA is devoted to the movements, ecclesiastical, intellectual, social, political, and artistic, which made up European history during this period so fertile in human activities, whether sacred or profane. Under the titles covering the political divisions of Europe, past and present (e.g., ALSACE-LORRAINE; ANHALT; AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN MONARCHY; BADEN; BAVARIA; BELGIUM; BOHEMIA; BREMEN; BULGARIA; CASTILE AND ARAGON; CROATIA; DENMARK; ENGLAND; FRANCE; GERMANY; GREECE; HAMBURG; HESSE; HUNGARY; IRELAND; ITALY; KARINTHIA; KRAIN; LEÓN; LIPPE; LÜBECK; LUXEMBURG; MECKLENBURG; MONACO; MONTENEGRO; NAVARRE; NETHERLANDS; NORWAY; OLDENBURG; PAPAL STATES; PORTUGAL; REUSS; ROME; RUMANIA; RUSSIA; SAXE-ALTENBURG; SAXE-COBURG AND GOTHA; SAXE-MEININGEN; SAXE-WEIMAR; SAXONY; SCHAUMBURG-LIPPE; SCHWARZBURG; SCOTLAND; SERVIA; SICILY; SPAIN; SWEDEN; SWITZERLAND; VENICE; WALDECK; WALES; WÜRTEMBERG), are given in detail their respective political and religious developments throughout the Middle Ages. Under articles of a wider scope (e.g. EUROPE; CHRISTENDOM; POPE) is found a more general and synthetic treatment. Particular aspects and movements peculiar to different portions of it are found in such articles as CHIVALRY; CRUSADES; ECCLESIASTICAL ART; FEUDALISM; GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE; INQUISITION; CONFLICT OF INVESTITURES; LAND-TENURE IN THE CHRISTIAN ERA; MONASTICISM; ECCLESIASTICAL MUSIC; PAINTING; PILGRIMAGES; SCULPTURE; in the articles upon the great religious orders, congregations, and institutions which then came into existence; in the biographies of the popes, rulers, historical personages, scholars, philosophers, poets, and scientists whose lives fall within this period; in the accounts of the universities, cities, and dioceses which were founded and developed throughout Europe from the fall of the Roman Empire to the time of the Reformation, and in innumerable minor articles throughout the work.
    Transcribed by Steve Fanning

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII. — New York: Robert Appleton Company. . 1910.

  
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  • Middle Ages — noun /ˌmɪd.l̩ ˈeɪ.dʒɪz/ The period of time in Europe between the decline of the Roman Empire and the revival of letters (the Renaissance) or, according to , the period beginning with the sixth and ending with the fifteenth century. She… …   Wiktionary

  • Middle Ages — Middle Mid dle (m[i^]d d l), a. [OE. middel, AS. middel; akin to D. middel, OHG. muttil, G. mittel. [root]271. See {Mid}, a.] [1913 Webster] 1. Equally distant from the extreme either of a number of things or of one thing; mean; medial; as, the… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

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  • middle ages — 1> средние века; средневековье …   Новый большой англо-русский словарь

  • Middle Ages — For other uses, see Middle Ages (disambiguation). Medieval and Mediaeval redirect here. For other uses, see Medieval (disambiguation) …   Wikipedia

  • Middle Ages — the time in European history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance (from about 500 A.D. to about 1350): sometimes restricted to the later part of this period (after 1100) and sometimes extended to 1450 or 1500. [1715 25; pl. of… …   Universalium

  • Middle Ages —    Historical term used in all Western languages to des ignate the thousand year period from the disintegration of the ancient Roman political and social system in the fourth and fifth centuries to the beginning of the Renaissance. The term was… …   Historical Dictionary of Renaissance

  • Middle Ages — средние века, средневековье средние века; средневековье …   Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь

  • Middle Ages — noun plural Date: 1616 the period of European history from about A.D. 500 to about 1500 …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • Middle Ages — 1) Общая лексика: средневековье, средние века 2) Религия: (The period of European history from about 500 to about 1500) средние века …   Универсальный англо-русский словарь

Фильмы

  • The War's Voices, 1974 — Every year, on May 9 in Moscow, in the Sverdlov Square at the Bolshoi Theater Great Patriotic War (Soviet people's participation in World War II in 1941-1945) veterans gather. 20-year-old young people also come to that place, they want to imagine..to hear the war's voices.
  • Lenin And Time., 1980 — A documentary film about bringing Lenin's ideas into life.
  • Road To People., 1983 — A film about leisure-time of Moscow citizens, about industrial enterprises of the capital, about the aid to supported collective farms, about activity of Moscow educational institutions and about Communist Party district committees and first committee secretaries who take part in the above-mentioned activities.